Contributions to the general etiology and pathology of the insane
A medical monograph by Aleš Hrdlička, published in 1896 in Chicago for physicians and researchers studying mental illness. Its two pictures are plain genealogical charts: family pedigree diagrams drawn as branching trees, with symbols for each member and short labels such as M, F, and insane marked beside them, set in black ink on pale paper. A designer could draw on their clean hierarchical branching structure for diagrams, timelines, or organisational tree layouts.

