Der Pionier
Der Pionier is a German-language catalogue of church metalwork published in Munich in 1908 by the Gesellschaft für Christliche Kunst, aimed at church furnishers and craftsmen. Its photographs show candlesticks, pricket stands and a multi-branched candelabrum in black and white, with pieces shown individually against plain grounds or grouped in threes. A designer could take from them the silhouettes and profiles of Gothic and Romanesque-revival ecclesiastical candle holders, including their knops, shafts and feet.
