L'arte del nauegar, : in laqual si contengono le regole, dechiarationi, secreti, & auisi, alla bona nauegation necessarij.
A 1554 Venetian navigation manual by Pedro de Medina, printed in Venice for Gioanbattista Pedrezano and aimed at sailors learning good seamanship. Its pictures are plain line diagrams: compass-style star and wind circles, a cardinal-direction rose labelled in Italian, and a numbered graduated arc, showing how a designer might borrow simple schematic compass and dial motifs.
