The school of Madrid
The School of Madrid, a 1909 art-history survey by Aureliano de Beruete y Moret, published in London and New York for art students and general readers of Spanish painting. Its plates are halftone reproductions of Madrid canvases, several printed sideways, showing religious scenes, a penitent saint, and a military surrender. A designer could take from them the dark, candle-like contrast of seventeenth-century Spanish baroque composition, with crowded groups of figures arranged against shadowy skies and architecture.
