Scuola toscana di caratteri moderni
A calligraphy copybook titled Scuola toscana di caratteri moderni, made by Gaetano Giarrè and published in Florence in 1823 for students of writing. Its pictures are pen-flourished birds, a serpent and swirling penwork curls set around the letters, showing how ornamental strokes can frame a bird or a line of script for a designer working with decorative lettering.
