Phrenology, or the doctrine of the mind : and of the relations between its manifestations and the body.
Johann Spurzheim's 1825 treatise on phrenology, published in London by Treuttel, Wurtz, and Richter, sets out his theory linking mental faculties to the brain and body for a general readership of medical and philosophical inquirers. Its plates show male and female profile heads in pencil-like stipple, with Roman numerals and marked positions across the skull, illustrating where the phrenological organs were said to lie. A designer could draw on the soft tonal shading, the precise side-view profiles, and the diagrammatic numerals for scientific or vintage typographic layouts.
