The metal worker's handy-book of receipts and processes : being a collection of chemical formulas and practical manipulations for the working of all the metals and alloys including the decoration and beautifying of articles manufactured therefrom, as well as their preservation (1890)
Brannt, William T. (William Theodore), 1844- · Philadelphia : H. Carey Baird & Co. ; London : Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington · leaf 448
passes ” are commonly made from the billet to the finished rod at one, two or more heats, according to the efficiency of the mill and general arrangements. Fig. 40 shows the entire series of grooves of a wire-rod roll. The construction o> O O <=> <> o O <=> o 00 Fig. 40. of an oval groove will be… … During the process of rolling the particles or molecules of the metal are more or less squeezed or forced into abnormal positions,
Metal-work · Metals
Internet Archive · Getty Research Institute · Public domain (published before 1931). Free to use for anything.